The individual CV was calculated by expressing the SD as a percentage of the mean and the overall CV was obtained by taking the square root of the mean of the squared CVs (Hopkins 2000).
The measured intensities are now different, and the actual fields can be determined by taking the square root of the intensity.
By taking the square roots, we have the above bound.
The transformation rule for (phi ) follows by taking the square root of (3.7).
By taking the square roots we arrive at the upper bound.
By taking the square root of 26, which not-so-coincidentally is the number of letters in the alphabet.
Pseudo R2 was calculated according to Singer and Willett (2003) by taking the square of the correlation between the observed WBB and the predicted WBB.
By taking the square root of MSE, one can express the error in the same dimension as the estimated value (RMSE – Equation 2).
By taking the square root operation for both sides of (9), the constraints then become convex second-order cone (SOC) (as known as Lorentz cone) constraints [29].
We use the notation in bold a 2 to denote the vector that is formed by taking the square of the entries of a, i.e., (mathbf {a}^{mathbf {2}}=[a_{1}^{2}, cdots, a_{N}^{2}]^{T}).
Because the model was identified by fixing the variances of the latent constructs to 1.00, the standardized factor loading for a particular item can be calculated by taking the square root of the item's variance explained by the underlying factor.
