Mitochondrial data for Anser cygnoides were not available so we substituted sequences from a congener, Anser albifrons.
Ubc12's UBL specificity, from NEDD8 to ubiquitin, was switched 10-fold simply by removing surface elements, without substituting sequences of ubiquitin E2s (23).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07956.004 Enhancer 'deletions' were created by substituting native sequences with neutral sequences of similar sizes (see 'Materials and methods').
DNA sequencing showed that truncated fragments from Pold1+/− ES cells contained a substituted sequence (GCC), the 3' terminus was prematurely stopped by the inserted SV40 poly(A) signal sequence, and these truncated fragments consisted of two aberrant splicing forms (Fig. 1G).
A second sequence was then generated from the first sequence by substituting nucleotides with a probability corresponding to the substitution frequency d, as calculated with Jukes-Cantor.
By substituting the 3'-terminal sequence to a C-stretch (from ---CCGC-3' of TD257-735 RNA to ---CCCC-3' of TD257-735g734c RNA), the amplification efficiency was increased remarkably.
By substituting f, θ, ϕ from Eqs. (29 31) into Eqs.
By substituting ( M_{ij}^ ) obtained from Proposition 1 into Eqs.
The transcription factor binding site data set contained both the binding sites directly identified from the canonical sequence, and the binding sites "recovered" by substituting previously identified SNP into the sequence.
Incongruous sequences started by substituting a different character for the one ultimately appearing in the critical panel.
