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These systems depend upon shear transfer to mobilize the tensile capacity of closely spaced reinforcing elements and they eliminate the need for any external structural systems to retain the soil, by substituting a composite system of reinforcing elements and soil as the primary structural unit.
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More importantly, synergistic effects among pollutants become not identifiable by substituting with the composite or mixture measures.
The probability based variable in risk assessment framework is substituted by a composite accident index proposed in this study.
Finally, possible use of SBS strengthening method in new construction was investigated by substituting all steel stiffeners with bonded composite GFRP stiffeners for the improvement of fatigue related behavior that is known to start at the weld toes of steel stiffeners.
Make a Vodka Gimlet by substituting Vodka for Gin.
Composite cystoplasty is proposed as a means of overcoming these complications by substituting intestinal epithelium with tissue-engineered autologous urothelium.
In order to overcome these limitations, a new class of composites has emerged under the name of fabric-reinforced-cementitious-matrix (FRCM) materials by substituting the organic resin of the FRP system with a cementitious-based binder.
In addition, composites with silicon-doped Ap were prepared by substituting Na3PO4 by Na2SiO3 in the crosslinking/hydrolysis step.
Afterward, by substituting Eqs.
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