As mentioned above, in solution-processed deposition methods, first a thin liquid film is cast, at once such as that in spin coting, or drop by drop such as that in spray coating and inkjet printing, followed by subsequent heating, depletion of solvents and additives, and possible chemical reactions, to finally obtain a thin solid film.
The black crust is glass, caused by subsequent heating and melting, and the grains inside showed evidence of repeated shock waves.
Furthermore, the graphite film prepared by subsequent heating at 2600 °C retained the same structure as that of the precursor films.
The generated hydroperoxides could be decomposed further by subsequent heat treatment of the irradiated polymer, resulting in crosslinking of UHMWPE chains in the near-surface region of the material.
Unique assembled sphere-like WO3 architectures were successfully synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method in the presence of malic acid followed by subsequent heat treatment.
"That deformation is usually controlled by subsequent heat," Dr. Homewood said.
Agate may be stained a variety of colours by soaking it in different solutions and, in some cases, by subsequent heat treatment: reds are produced by heat or ferrous nitrate and heat; lemon yellow, by hydrochloric acid and heat; greens, by chromium or nickel salts; blue, by ferric ferrocyanide followed with ferrous sulfate or by Prussian blue; and brown, by sugar followed with sulfuric acid.
This pretreatment induces the conserved family of heat shock proteins required to disaggregate and refold proteins that are denatured by subsequent heat treatments.
Conversion of TiO2 is obtained by the subsequent heat treatment of hydrogen titanate at around 300°C to 500°C.
