As expected, CypA expression was higher in lung cancer cells and enhanced cell growth by stimulating proliferation, colony formation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis by stimulating cell migration and invasion.
The TFFs mediate mucosal repair by stimulating cell migration, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation, and promoting the barrier function of mucus [ 2, 3].
Thus, by stimulating cell migration (e.g. cancer cells), extracellular ATP could also modulate cancer invasion and metastasis and thereby have a negative effect on anti-cancer treatment.
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF /c-Met and transforming growtHGF /c-Met (TGF-α)/epidermandgrowtransformingceptor (Egrowthre well known to regulate repair of damaged alveolar epithelium by stimulating cell migration and proliferation.
Another RTK, c-Met, and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are also well known to regulate repair of damaged epithelium by stimulating cell migration, proliferation, and survival (14, 17, 25, 27, 34).
The growth factor, EGF accelerates gastroduodenal ulcer healing by stimulating cell migration and proliferation in epithelial cell monolayers, tissue repair, increasing release of gastric mucin, and attenuating gastric acid secretion [ 33].
This study clearly demonstrated that the designer self-assembling peptide scaffolds significantly enhanced mouse pre-osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation as well as stimulating cell migration into the 3D scaffold.
Several mammalian ACAP/ASAP members have been implicated in stimulating cell migration and invasion, but the detailed mechanism responsible for their action is unclear and likely to be complex [11], [12], [13], [17].
Co-expression experiments in MCF10A untransformed mammary epithelial cells demonstrated that CUX1 and GLIS1 cooperate in the autocrine activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and in stimulating cell migration and invasion.
It is well known that SDF-1/CXCR4 promotes metastasis through stimulating cell migration and invasion in breast cancer (Drury et al, 2011; Hawkins and Richmond, 2012; Luker et al, 2012).
HBx regulates cell cycle progression and cell proliferation by activating NF-κB; upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 in hepatocarcinogenesis; stimulating cell migration, growth in soft agar, and spheroid formation; and promoting 'stemness' in the pathogenesis of HCC.
