Sentence examples for by statistical testing and from inspiring English sources

Publication bias was explicitly mentioned in 75 reviews (65.8%) and 47 of these had performed statistical methods to investigate publication bias in terms of small study-effects: 6 by drawing funnel plots, 16 by statistical testing and 25 by applying both methods.

This motivated us to develop an advanced procedure of biomarker extraction using the ideas proposed in Schleif et al. (2007): (i) discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) of the spectra, (ii) features (wavelet coefficients) selection by statistical testing and (iii) support vector machine (SVM) classification, see Supplementary Figure 1 for an overall scheme.

This area of protection raises questions about the possibility of discerning information by statistical tests and by examining indexes, without ever having direct access to the data itself.

The results are analyzed by statistical tests and show that the first proposed metaheuristic yielded results with the best quality, while the second achieved the best computing times.

The normality and homoscedasticity of the residuals were checked by statistical tests, and graphic analysis of residuals was done to provide information about the consistency.

The contribution of each individual feature is evaluated by statistical tests; and the correlation between features is reduced by principal component analysis (PCA).

By statistical tests and other computational methods, the two-class and multi-class array data are usually analyzed focusing on the class-specific signature genes (i.e., genes that are expressed for one/some class es) and unexpressed for the other/rest of the class es)).

None of the three possible arrangements of the paenungulate orders were either well supported or rejected by statistical tests, and even afrosoricid diphyly (e.g., with either Tenrecoidea or Chrysochloridae placed as the sister taxon of Macroscelidea) could not be rejected (Table 1).

Of these, 47 (62.7%) had performed methods to investigate publication bias in terms of small study-effects: 6 by investigating funnel plots, 16 by statistical testing for asymmetry and 25 by applying both methods.

Examiner strength of agreement using the Kappa coefficient was not evaluated by hypothesis (statistical) testing and instead was evaluated by applying commonly used guidelines [ 18].

Consequently, they also clearly violate the CONSORT guidelines [67] regarding interpretation of the results under consideration of the study hypotheses, the possible causes of distortions ("bias") and the problems brought about by multiple statistical testing and multiple target criteria.