Sentence examples for by standard means using from inspiring English sources
Viruses were titered by standard means using flow cytometry of infected 293T cells to determine infectious units per mL.
Measurement of SEAP activity in culture medium was by standard means using the chemiluminescent Great EscAPe SEAP reporter System (Clontech Labs).
First, it requires that the exact quantity value carried by a calibration material (measurement standard) is determined by independent means using, e.g. spectrophotometry or an intercalating dye.
To assess the truth of the null hypothesis we have compared the mean expression of the marker genes representing each phenotype proposed by the hypothesis (test sample) with the mean expression of randomly sampled similar-size cluster of genes (random or permuted sample) by comparison of the means using standard deviations of the samples (see Material and Methods for details).
Error bars in figures were obtained by calculating the standard error of the mean using the formula (s/√n; s = standard deviation, n = sample size).
Protein expression was determined by immunoblotting using standard means.
We did not conduct funnel plots due to the inadequate number of included trials, however, possibility of publication bias could not be excluded considering the fact that all the trials claimed positive effect favoring CPMs though some of the trials turned out to be negative when analyzed by standard statistical techniques using risk ratios or mean differences.
Here, the accuracy of the estimated uncertainty in the mean using our proposed method was calculated by comparing the estimated standard error of the mean using our method against the estimated standard error of the mean using the actual IPD from simulated trials.
Variables showing little variance among cases were removed using the nearZeroVar function in the caret [58] package and all variables were centered by the mean and divided by the standard deviation using the preProcess function in the caret package.
Effect size was calculated as the difference between the means divided by the standard deviation using Cohen's d [ 21].
This is a descriptive summary and, as such, we summarized categorical variables by frequencies and percentages and continuous variables by means and standard deviations using SAS statistical package, version 9.1.
