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Negative staining overcomes this problem by staining the background only.
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Amplified fluorescence signals were expressed as specific fluorescence (Fsp = Ft -Fb), where Ft represents the median value of total staining, and Fb represents the median value of background staining (obtained by staining with the isotype control Ab) [ 28].
Background staining is determined by staining with the nonspecific labeled antibodies listed above.
After staining, the extracellular dye and background were removed by thoroughly rinsing the plates with tap water.
In all cases, it was confirmed that there was no detectable background fluorescence by staining cells in the absence of a primary antibody.
Quantification of sections was achieved by subtracting the background staining from the specific staining using image analysis software (Image J, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA) developed by the NIH that measures the number of stained pixels/field, selected from three random fields from three samples for each treatment group.
Toluidine blue stains MC blue-purple (metachromatic staining) and the background blue (orthochromatic staining).
This allowed us to identify the morphology of single neurons by anti-GFP staining in the background of anti-FasII/anti-ChAT axonal tracks/neuropile staining.
The background intensity was determined by staining slices without each first antibody.
After staining, the density of each sample spot was measured by AlphaImager 3300 (AlphaIonotech, San Leandro, CA, USA) with background revision.
GBM cells were identified from the background of mouse brain cells by staining for human nuclei (red) and DAPI (blue).
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