Sentence examples for by severe ceiling effects from inspiring English sources
Using the same test across a wide range of grades raises a problem; depending on test difficulty, the results can be affected by severe ceiling effects in higher grades or extreme floor effects in lower grades.
First, the experimental results offered by McDaniel, Einstein, and their colleagues [6], [79] are unambiguously confounded by severe ceiling effects, and thus, uninterpretable.
However, the data presented in support of their claim were confounded by severe ceiling effects: the younger adults' mean was 90% whereas the older adults' mean was 78% in the focal condition.
The dashed markers identify age contrasts that are limited by severe ceiling effects, that is, where performance of at least one group is over.90, and the size of age declines is underestimated [17] [19].
Third, Figure 9 also highlights that a large number of studies were limited by severe ceiling effects that artificially minimize age differences and render any calculations of effect sizes based on dp, dphi, or even simple differences between mean proportions, meaningless (see [6]).
The left panel of Figure 2 shows raw non-standardized performance by younger and older adults in Kidder et al. study and highlight that severe ceiling effects in the low demand condition are solely responsible for d = 0.
Third, McDaniel and Einstein did not consider severe ceiling effects that artificially minimize age differences [2], [3], [5].
Most recently, Uttl [15], [16] reported that many studies of prospective memory suffer from severe ceiling effects, low statistical power, poor reliability, and poor validity.
Hence a less severe ceiling effect and increased benefit in the detection of small health changes are expected [ 49].
This may be partially explained by the serious ceiling effect of the EQ-5D.
