The posterior density of movement is represented by a set of weighted samples, and the importance weights are updated based on current neural firings and the instantaneous firing rate estimated from the tuning model.
They represent the state vector by a set of weighted hypotheses, or particles.
The spatial sample values are represented by a set of weighted superposition of 8 × 8 cosine functions.
MCL algorithms represent a robot's belief by a set of weighted hypotheses (samples), which approximate the posterior under a common Bayesian formulation of the localization problem.
The probability distribution over the state p(x t |z0 t) is represented by a set of weighted particles which represent hypothetical locations of the end effector and their density which is proportional to the likelihood.
We resort then to mixed-state particle filtering [13] to represent the joint posterior by a set of weighted samples (or particles) such that, as the number of particles goes to infinity, their weighted average converges (in some statistical sense) to the desired minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimate of the hidden states.
If the marginal posterior density p(s k,θ|z1 k) is represented by a set of weighted samples { s k j, θ j, w k j } j = 1 N, i.e., p ( s k, θ | z 1 : k ) ≈ ∑ j = 1 N w k j δ ( s k − s k j ) δ ( θ − θ j ), (9).
Sets of alleles, weighted by their original log odds ratios (OR) in the GWAS, were summarized into a polygenic score for each individual in the different validation datasets using PLINK.
In this paper, we propose a fuzzy minimax clustering model by minimizing the maximum value of the set of weighted cluster variations in such a way that they satisfy a prior distribution.
Together, Friend states define the time-varying adjacency matrix (fancyscript{A} k)) of the directed and weighted graph (fancyscript{G}(k) = {fancyscript{V},fancyscript{E}^k}) describing the network at time step k, where (fancyscript{V} := N) is the set of nodes and (fancyscript{E}^k = bigcup _{i in N}FS^k_{i}) is the set of weighted edges recorded by nodes' Friend states.
