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Elimination of DopR blunts the locomotor activating effects of ethanol, and this behavior can be restored by selective expression of DopR in the ellipsoid body.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02324.002 Functional variation between cells in a population is often achieved by selective expression of one protein from a pool of possibilities.
Interestingly enough, the hypothalamic tanycytes are characterized by selective expression of transcription factor called retina and anterior pituitary neural fold homeobox (Rax).
During endochondral bone formation, the hypertrophy of chondrocytes is accompanied by selective expression of several genes including type X collagen and alkaline phosphatase.
The finding that leptin, but not insulin, alone can modify electrical activity of some POMC neurons could be explained either by selective expression of the p110β subunit alone or the leptin receptor exhibiting selective coupling to this subunit.
In contrast, silencing of p42 enhanced lipid kinase activity relative to the control, whereas specific depletion of p48 by N-si-p48(ref. 24 ) did not affect PI3K activity, implying that the decrease of PIP3 production upon inhibition of PI3K occurs by selective expression of p42.
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However, this can be overcome by the selective expression of bacterial ACC deaminase (which regulates ethylene levels in plants) in plants together with multiple genes for the different phases of xenobiotic degradation.
By contrast, selective expression of spliced XBP1 protein in B-cells dramatically enhanced cell numbers, leading to a multiple myeloma-like phenotype [37], consistent with the ability of IRE1's RNAse function to promote cell proliferation and survival.
The fact that polarized neuronal cells and multipolar cells actually belong to two distinct populations of newlyborn cerebellar cortical cells was confirmed by their selective expression of distinct nuclear transcription factors: the PSA-NCAM+/DCX+ cells (Figure 2G,H,K) were immunoreactive for Pax2 [17] [17], and were consistently negative for both Sox2 and Olig2 (Figures 2 and 7A).
In the mouse, genetically directed neuronal labeling has typically been achieved by the selective expression of a fluorescent protein or enzyme under the direct control of a cell-type-specific promoter or under the indirect control of a pharmacologically-regulated fusion between Cre recombinase and a mutated estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain [CreER; 13] [16].
Due to the lack of reliable markers and culture models for human liver cancer prestages this system uses premalignant rat hepatocytes, which are detectable by their selective expression of placental glutathione-S-transferase (GSTp-pos).
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