Sentence examples for by selection operating on from inspiring English sources

Hence, the preferential movement out of the X-chromosome in our data set cannot be explained by selection operating on genes with male-biased or testis expression.

As a consequence of this conservative strategy of calculating ω across the entire gene length, genes may be discounted when the signal of directional selection is focused on specific regions or domains and thus obscured by purifying selection operating on the majority of the gene [ 15].

This test assumes that the foreground branch ω differs from the background ω by investigating positive selection operating on specific lineages (Yang 1998).

Diversifying selection operating on these genes may be caused by pathogen-host co-evolutionary arms race [ 7, 8].

This variation is often considered to be affected by adaptations to the physical and social environment through natural selection operating on brain size [ 3- 6].

We used the branch-site model [22], [23], [24] to detect positive selection operating on the HIV-1 env gene, with the selective pressure measured by the nonsynonymous/synonymous rate ratio ω [25].

However, this could be explained by admixture of this North African population with Europeans, and not necessarily selection operating on this population.

They even acknowledge a role for the standard Darwinian mechanism (natural selection operating on random variation) in the process.

This can happen through natural selection operating on non-genetic hereditary variations.

Fig. 1 An example of natural selection operating on a fish population.

Instead, our results are consistent with strong positive selection operating on β-xylosidase.