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By replacing the quantity 1−H nn in the denominator with its average 1 − 1 N tr ( H ), one can obtain the generalized cross-validation score [17]: GCV ( ℳ j ) = 1 N ∑ n = 1 N ( y n − y n ̂ ) 2 ( 1 − 1 N tr ( H ) ) 2. (2.).
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In summary, a constant variance estimator for (hat {beta }_{textit {EPL}}) can be obtained by replacing the population quantities in the asymptotic covariance matrix Σ(β 0) with their corresponding sample averages as in Zhou and Wang (2000).
The procedure predicts the deflections and internal actions and stresses, in principle by replacing the fully composite bending stiffness (EI∞) with the effective (partially) composite bending stiffness (EIeff) in the expressions for these quantities in the corresponding fully composite beam.
The original model is slightly modified by replacing the stretched exponential by a relaxation function based on a simplified cooperative model emulating the commonly observed linear variation of the relaxing quantity with logarithmic time.
For errors in the measurement of blood glucose, we replaced the quantity K i (K M + [glc]) by K i (K M + [glc]*), where [glc]* = [glc] + N 0, 42).
Let the quality of your food items replace the quantity, and allow the food awareness to become your guide.
In this case we replace the quantities ṙ k and q ˙ k by the corresponding one sided limits ṙ k , ṙ k and q ˙ k , q ˙ k.
Cronbach's alpha adjusted for inconsistent responding can be calculated from (1) after replacing the unknown quantities by the corresponding sample estimates.
In order to investigate the dynamic tensile behavior of ultra-high performance cement based composites (UHPCCs) used in defense works, UHPCC with 200 MPa compressive strength is prepared by replacing a large quantity of cement by industrial waste residues such as silica fume, fly ash and slag; and substituting ground fine quartz sand (⩽600 μm in diameter) with natural sand (2.5 mm in diameter).
We prove that it may be extended to partially observed continuous processes by replacing this unknown quantity by an unbiased estimator obtained for instance using general Poisson estimators.
Hence, the symbol APP approximations for time-varying channels are simply obtained by replacing in the APP approximations A1 and A2 for time-invariant channels the quantity λ m ( c ~ ) by the right-hand side of (23) instead of (4).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.
Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com