Alzaatreh et al. (2013b) proposed a general method by replacing the beta PDF with a PDF r of a continuous random variable and applying a function W(F x)) that satisfies some conditions (given in (2.1)) to develop the T-X family.
For a fixed, the thresholds and can be determined by replacing the marginal PDF of magnitude with the conditional PDF in (8): (9). Figure 5(a) shows the CFAR thresholds for one-step detection with and the threshold curves for two-step detection with marginalPDFs and the conditional PDF for, CNR = 10 dB, SCR = 0 dB, rad, and.
The second 'pseudo-event shuffle' controls for bias towards particular locations, by constructing artificial candidate events generated by replacing each PDF in a candidate event with a PDF drawn at random from the complete set of candidate events in each session.
Replacing the two conditional pdfs by their Gaussian Mixture based estimates (6) using the parameters and, the BER estimates is simply computed as (15).
This is achieved by changing only a few lines of code, primarily (1) replacing the lm call by another function call, and (2) replacing the normal PDF in the τ i calculation (dnorm by the appropriate PDF (or discrete probability function) for the required distribution.
Replacing the dependent parameter β ψ by α, the cdf and pdf of the EKD distribution are given by G EKD ( x ; α, λ, δ, ϕ, θ ) = 1 - 1 - 1 + λ x - δ - α ϕ θ, (3).
The pdf of Y obtained by replacing s=e μ and α=1/σ is given by f y)=frac{betaexpbig[-big(frac{y-mu}{sigma}big big]}{sigma Gamma(c)} lefrac{y-mu}{sigma}big big]}{sigma}riGamma{1+expleft(frac{y-mu}{sigma}right)}right]^{beta+1} left[frac{expleft!left[frac{expleft(frac{y-mu}{sigma}right)}{1+explefrac{y-mu}{sigma}rightght)}right]^{beta}right}right]^{c-1+expleft
It can be shown that the pdf of V ¯ n is as (20) by replacing m by n.
We've replaced all the PDFs, spreadsheets and paperwork.
In fact, the warrantless wiretapping program was supported by a May 2004 legal opinion (pdf) produced by the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel and signed off by Comey, which replaced the 2001 legal opinion Comey had problems with.
