At least eight of the genes identified in the screen (aret, brat, 4EHP, orb, osk, rump, spoon, sqd ) as well as dfmr1, glo, nos, pum, stau, and smg have been shown to play roles in establishing asymmetries in the oocyte and early embryo by regulating the localization or local translation of target mRNAs (References in FlyBase gene reports: http://flybase.org).org
SGs become visible at the microscopic level upon various environmental stresses, but recent studies suggest they may represent natural sites of cytoplasmic mRNA sorting/triage that play a major role in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by regulating the localization, stability and translation of many mRNAs (50– 50).
Rho GTPases affect cell polarity in part by regulating the localization and activity of the ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family of proteins [7].
Drosophila Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) regulates epithelial morphogenesis, at least in part by regulating the localization of Enabled [3, 18].
These data indicate that PGE2 may act to attenuate cytokine-induced inflammatory responses in RA synovial fibroblasts by regulating the localization of specific NF-κB family dimers [ 27].
Nutrients influence Pol I activity by regulating the localization of two Fhl1-binding cofactors, the activator Ifh1 and the repressor, Crf1 (Martin et al., 2004).
Downstream effectors in this pathway, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), interact with the canonical TGFβ signaling cascade by regulating the subcellular localization of phosphorylated Smads [166, 167].
The dynamics of actin (assembly and disassembly) control SRF activity by regulating the subcellular localization of MAL (cytoplasm or nucleus) [16], [17].
Several studies have suggested that Akt may regulate the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic signals, at least in part by regulating the cellular localization of Bcl-2 family members [30], [31].
PI3K signaling is known to be required for the establishment and the maintenance of cell polarity by regulating the subcellular localization and activation of downstream effectors that are essential for proper chemotaxis [3], [19].
SIRT1 also seems to be involved in the oxidative stress response by regulating the nuclear localization of FOXO [ 27].
