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As West et al. (2007) and Bowles and Gintis (2011) note, if altruism is defined by reference to lifetime fitness, then Trivers' theory is not really about the evolution of altruism at all; for behaviours that evolve via reciprocation of benefits, as described by Trivers, are ultimately of direct benefit to the individuals performing them, so do not reduce lifetime fitness.
Similar(59)
Indeed, homosexuality is itself defined by reference to gender.
These references were replaced by references to a rival report, financed in part by the American Petroleum Institute.
This attitude, justified by references to security, haunts the displaced.
Embarrassed by references to bodily functions?
By 1991, what we might think of as punk-rock music (Gordon makes very funny reference to a lifetime of watching men argue its pedigree) had been fractured and remade many times over.
Were you baffled by that reference to "Henry, Sweet Henry"?
b Refers to the lifetime costs of high-risk youth averted by reducing the prevalence.
"It lacks hair, lacks a nose, lacks a gun," he said, a lifetime revolver man's reference to the low-bore semiautomatic pistol in the target's hands.
This study provides a reference to self-healing capacitor geometric optimization and lifetime improvement.
A time synchronization solution allows a global low-precision time reference to be shared by every node, and enables the use of synchronous radio power management, which can reduce energy waste, increasing node lifetime by up to 440% for a 10% duty cycle.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com