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This is achieved by randomly swapping the most probable symbol (MSP) and least probable symbol (LSP) intervals.
Statistical significance of the clumping was determined using the standardized effect size (SES), which compares the computed distances to those calculated by randomly swapping the tips of the regional phylogenetic trees; 10,000 randomizations were performed.
The latter was estimated by randomly swapping the edges in the network, while preserving the distributions of observed edges and weights in the network.
This was done by randomly swapping the labels associated with the terminal nodes of the optimal multigene family tree, whereas maintaining the unlabeled phylogenetic history as fixed.
First, we simulated a response matrix in which there is no coordination between the different genes by randomly swapping the perturbations for each gene separately and recalculating the entire coordination matrix.
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Two random networks with comparable features were constructed by randomly swapping edges in the original ODE model as described in section Methods and [ 27] (step 'R' in Figure 2).
The distribution of group-level t-statistics was then estimated at each voxel by randomly flipping the signs of the individual-level test statistic (equivalent to randomly swapping the condition labels between face and scrambled stimuli) and recalculating the group-level t-statistic.
To evaluate the significance of the detection, we generated 1000 shuffled copies of the spike patterns by randomly swapping neuron identities and then detected the number of sequences in each copy.
1) We permuted the gene expression matrix by randomly swapping class labels.
We estimated this null distribution using a permutation bootstrap, in which we randomly swapped the assignments of ai and bi and recomputed AUC a)–AUC(b).
We randomly swapped the edges in the network in different thresholds.
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by randomly reshuffling the
by randomly initializing the
by randomly mixing the
by randomly enhancing the
by randomly perturbing the
by randomly interchanging the
by randomly allocating the
by randomly linking the
by randomly wiring the
by randomly dividing the
by randomly rewiring the
by randomly permuting the
by randomly distributing the
by randomly inverting the
by randomly cutting the
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