Sentence examples for by random drift and from inspiring English sources

Here it is often difficult, without examining each substitution individually, to distinguish which mutations result from selection and which are caused by random drift, and the relative importance of each mutation with respect to fold and function [33].

Some theories propose a neutral evolution of genome sizes: i. Junk DNA theories propose that extra DNA, considered useless and maladaptive, is fixed by random drift and carried passively in the chromosomes, since purifying selection against it is not strong enough [16] [17].

Variance in linkage disequilibrium is generated directly by random drift, and the A-type can be kept in the population when statistically associated (hitchhike) with haplotypes that remain segregating at quasi-equilibrium state.

It is less commonly realized, however, that replication not only makes possible but necessitates evolution, or more precisely, that evolution by random drift and natural selection is a simple and necessary consequence of error-prone replication.

An alternative scenario would be that ectopic OR transcription is predominantly the result of neutral or nearly neutral mechanisms, e.g. small DNA sequence changes in regulatory regions, fixed in the population by random drift and not necessarily related to function or fitness [ 52, 60, 61].

Neutral drift is the process of change of genotypes by random drift without phenotypic alteration, and is used to describe the process of acquiring higher-order structure of nucleic acid sequences.

The neutrality test of Tajima excluded the null hypothesis that the polymorphism of exon 3 was generated by a random drift, and the fact that D = −0.401 indicated an excess of rare mutations in the Chinese alligator.

The junk DNA hypothesis suggests that these extra DNAs are useless, maladaptive DNAs and fixed by random drift [ 43].

Subsequently Kimura [ 2] and others introduced the neutral theory, stating that selectively neutral mutations dominate and fixation occurs by random drift.

Second, the LD created by random drift along generations is no longer negligible, and its amount depends on the product Nc [ 29].

The absence of a detectable phylogenetic signal may be the consequence of such selection that has overridden phylogenetic structure in SShD or, alternatively, it may be the result of evolution by random drift (e.g., in association with speciation and founder events).