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By quantifying the cells' shapes, the algorithm allows researchers to determine precisely how far along the activation pathway they are.
Cell growth was determined by quantifying the cells fluorimetrically by staining cellular nucleic acids with CyQuant GR.
Therefore, we next examined whether GDF15 affects proliferation in vivo by quantifying the cells undergoing mitosis in the E18 wild-type and Gdf15-/ HP.
This new assay measures how much of LC3 is immediately susceptible to degradation by lysosomes; in other words it is the turnover of intra-autolysosomal LC3-II measured by quantifying the cells that are double positive for LC3 and lysosomal markers and showing colocalization between these markers, both in cell lines and in subsets of primary immune cells (defined using surface markers).
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Cell adhesion was assessed by quantifying the cell spreading area, actin cytoskeleton organization and focal adhesion complex formation.
The relative cell-free area (RG t ) (c), and the relative spreading (RS t ) (d) at a given time t were calculated by quantifying the cell-free area from the micrographs.
Residual biofilms were analyzed by quantifying the viable cells (CFU/mL), and biofilm architecture was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
In parallel experiments, cell-cell fusion was evaluated by quantifying the number of cells expressing β-galactosidase using in situ X-Gal staining and microscopic examination.
Subsequently, we evaluated cell migration by quantifying the number of cells in the scratched region at 0, 248 48, and 72 hours after scratching (Fig. 5A).
Cell death was measured by quantifying the percentage of cells incorporating propidium iodide (Sigma-Aldrich, 0.5 μg/ml) [ 23– 25].
All of our described cell death assays were performed by quantifying the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis after 48 h of treatment.
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