The search is inspired by the biological processes of mutation and recombination, which introduce small changes to an already successful solution.
However, the absence of changes in the housekeeping genes suggests that the ST11 lineage survived without any substantial genetic changes being produced by the fundamental processes of mutation, recombination, selection, drift, and migration [ 15].
By comparing the pattern of genetic variation at candidate genes to patterns in random regions that are in principle all affected by the same history and the same processes of mutation, recombination and sequencing error, it should be possible to assess whether the pattern of genetic variation at tested loci is unusual (22, 23).
The allelic variations that make evolution possible are generated by the process of mutation, but new mutations change gene frequencies very slowly, because mutation rates are low.
With this marker to hand, they were able to stick candidate enzyme after candidate enzyme into yeast DNA until they found one which made L-DOPA in reasonable quantities.Having identified their target, the researchers set about improving it by a process of mutation and selection that mimics natural evolution.
The values of these probabilities are inconsistent with metastasis occurring by a process of mutation.
The unobserved states of the Markov chain represent the unknown correspondence between the observed sequence's residues and the positions of the ancestral sequence from which the observed sequence has derived by a process of mutation, deletion, and insertion.
Even if a hotspot motif is eliminated from the genome, it would ultimately be resurrected from the vast pool of cryptic motifs by the inexorable stochastic process of mutation.
The traditional model of genetic change involves natural selection operating through a slow process of mutation, generation by generation, that, furthermore, results in traits that increase survival — not cause sudden death.
A sequential process of mutation followed by stringent selection generated mutant At 9, which produced optimal cellulase at day 4 instead of day 7, was non-spore former with high stability and grew on a lower pH than parental strain.
