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B cells were isolated by positive selection from PBLs using anti-CD19 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotech, Auburn, CA, USA), in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
CD19 and CD20 B-cells were prepared by positive selection from the PBMCs by incubation with magnetic anti-CD19 or CD20 mAb-coated microbeads (MACS, Miltenyi Biotec).
T cells were purified by positive selection from total lymphocytes using micro-beads coated with mouse/human anti-CD3 antibodies (Milteny Biotech).
CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and monocytes were purified by positive selection from total PBMCs using CD4, CD8 or CD14 Microbeads (Miltenyi Biotech, San Diego, CA, USA) following manufacturer's instructions.
CD4+ T, CD8+ T, CD19+ B and CD56+ NK cells were then purified by positive selection from peripheral blood lymphocytes using the respective mAb-coated magnetic beads (Becton Dickinson).
CD34+ cells purified by positive selection from human cord blood samples were expanded in vitro and thereafter differentiated into EPCs in the presence or absence of mCRP or pCRP, respectively.
Similar(54)
In those cases where having all duplicates is deleterious, dosage requirements may cause the partitioning of subfunctions to be favored by positive selection resulting from selective pressure for the fixation of nonfunctional or subfunctional alleles.
The proportion of divergent sites driven by positive selection was calculated from counts of polymorphic and fixed synonymous and nonsynonymous changes (Fay et al. 2002), after excluding singletons.
This high proportion of rapidly evolved global jiDE genes is not caused by positive selection, but results from a lack of selection, because about two thirds of the random mutations in the ORFs of silenced genes induce non-synonymous changes.
To facilitate such experiments we have designed a single-step glial cell isolation procedure based on antigen antibody-mediated magnetic cell sorting whereby individual glial cell populations are enriched by positive selection or by depletion from the same mixed glial culture.
In particular, a Neandertal genome sequence provides a catalog of changes that have become fixed or have risen to high frequency in modern humans during the last few hundred thousand years and should be informative for identifying genes affected by positive selection since humans diverged from Neandertals.
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