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Face and content validation were done by pilot testing of the survey, by non-medical, university-educated lay people (n = 9), pediatricians (n = 2), pediatric intensive care nurses (n = 2), and an ethics professor (n = 1).
To further establish the face-validity, comprehensibility and applicability of the interview items, six pilot ORACLe interviews were undertaken in three Australian health policy agencies followed by pilot testing of the SPIRIT intervention and the associated measurement tools (including ORACLe) in one policy agency.
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The duration of this period was determined by pilot testing to ensure subjects were comfortable performing the task.
The agency will work to ensure fairness in peer review, for instance by exploring whether reviewers have unconscious racial biases and by pilot testing reviews of anonymized applications.
After receiving human subjects approval, the survey was developed over a period of several months by pilot testing items developed by one of the authors (Colbert) and incorporating material from several previous studies (Ingram and Nelson2006; Moore and Kraemer2005; Brem et al.2003; Colburn and Henriques2006; Lawson and Worsnop1992; Bishop and Anderson1990; Demastes et al.1995).1995
This was accomplished by comprehensive pilot testing of all major RO membranes and appropriate antiscalants.
Following pretesting by the authors and pilot testing on anesthesia fellows, the final survey tool was translated into French, followed by further pilot testing of the French version.
Problems with this question were not revealed by pilot testing.
Another merit of the scales is that information bias was sought reduced by several means: First by addressing face validity through pilot testing of the items and second, by a high construct validity confirmed by the GLLRMs analyses.
Pilot study - the process of pre-test and pilot testing of the final questionnaire by using the response from the pre-test group to make revisions to the final version.
Pilot testing of the questionnaire was carried out by the multidisciplinary research team.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com