Thus, based on our current knowledge, the strain is unlikely to undergo a natural restoration to a virulent state by passage in an animal host, in contrast to the situation if there were only reparable replication errors or point mutations in a single or a few genes.
We used the well-characterized OPM2 and ARP1 MM lines, which are capable of in vitro growth without cellular or cytokine support, as well as patients' MM cells that have been maintained by passaging in a SCID-rab mouse; all types of MM cells used in these experiments express luciferase.
The virus was isolated in embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) at Biopharma Laboratory in Rabbat, Morocco, followed by passage in BSR cells, a clone of BHK-21 cells (designated isolate 2-451- 2-451-e 1E3BSR).
L. donovani strain AG83 (MHOM/IN/1983/AG83) was maintained by passage in Syrian Hamsters.
Inactivation was verified by passage in cell culture and testing by quantitative PCR [29].
Parasites were maintained as tachyzoites by passage in human foreskin fibroblast monolayers (John Boothroyd, Stanford School of Medicine).
The first question was suggested by a passage in a letter by Jerome which had been read aloud during one of the meals (596C-D).
Undifferentiated mouse Neuro2A cells (N2A) were maintained by regular passage in a growth medium consisting of Minimal Essential Medium with 10% FBS, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, 2 mM GlutaMax-1, and 1 mM sodium pyruvate (all from Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA).
The idea is fuelled by a passage in an article she wrote about the experience of being widowed, on her blog Planet Grief, where she recounts a desire to walk out on her first marriage and vanish.
