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Recent work has further dissected the role of the endolysosomal system in both bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts.
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease in which a disruption of the balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts leads to the progressive deterioration of bone density and quality.
Physiological bone development and remodeling represents a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts, which are multinucleated cells derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage.
Bone mass and turnover are maintained by the coordinated balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, under regulation of many systemic and local factors.
Bone is continually remodeled according to physiological circumstances through bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts, and bone mass and turnover are maintained by their coordinated balance in healthy adults.
RANKL has been postulated to be mainly expressed by osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells.
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Binding of the RANKL, secreted by osteoblasts and bone-marrow stromal cells, to its receptor RANK leads to differentiation, activation, and survival of osteoclasts which induce bone resorption [10].
In the final pathway for pathogenesis of osteoporosis, there will be an imbalance between bone formation by osteoblast and bone formation by osteoclasts with the latter getting the upper hand.
The results are in agreement with prior studies that shockwave has chondroprotective effect in OA knee in rats [ 19, 20], The subchondral bone remodeling relies on the balance between bone formation by osteoblast and bone resorption by osteoclast, and is influenced by the subchondral bone mass and bone strength.
D: Endochondral bone formation is initiated by a cartilaginous phase, with chondrocytes becoming hypertrophic and then being replaced by osteoblasts and woven bone.
Bone is constantly remodeled through bone formation by functional osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts which arise from monocytic cells, and bone mass is maintained by their precise balance [1] [3].
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