ΔCt was calculated by normalization to the isotype control, and ΔΔCt values were calculated by normalizing to the Ct values of the untreated sample.
These graphs also show the normalized nucleosome coverage index (right axis), which was calculated by normalizing to the average for the entire assayed DNA segment.
The relative expression of Brk protein was determined by normalizing to the nuclear import protein Ran, shown previously as a valid normalization control in breast cancer cell lines [ 28].
The relative HK activity was obtained by normalizing to the amount of HK2 detected by the HK2 antibody.
Gene expression was calculated using the ΔΔCt method relative to GAPDH housekeeping gene (Supplementary Table 4) and by normalizing to the mean expression of untreated mice.
These two fractions of organic aerosols were expressed as mg C m−2 per day by normalizing to the volume of Milli-Q water used to rinse the dry deposition bucket, or the rain volume recovered from the wet collector, the area of the bucket, and the time in days over which the sample was collected.
PCR products were quantified using a DNA 7500 kit on the Lab-on-chip Lab-on-chip Lab-on-chipfornia), and relative amounts of each fragment were calculated by normalizing to the amount of platformuct from the 0 U ml−1 DNAgilentreated samples.
The results of Table 2 also present the density of surface acidic sites (surface acidity) and basic sites (surface basicity), which are obtained by normalizing to the sample surface area and measured from the NH3- and CO2-TPD peaks.
The moment tensor is obtained by evaluating the second-order moments of the spectrum for two different components of the wavevectors and by normalizing to the zeroth-order moment: begin{aligned} {varvec{kappa }} = frac{ int, vec {k} vec {k} E vec {k}), mathrm{d}{vec k}}{int, E vec {k}), mathrm{d}{vec k}}.
All the signals were quantified by normalizing to the β-actin signal.
