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By normalizing the results for the plastic dissipation with respect to the loads and material properties, it can be seen that the plastic dissipation energy has the greatest dependence on the mode mix ratio, followed by elastic and plastic property mismatches, respectively.
Luciferase-fold induction was calculated by normalizing the results to control treatment, which was assumed as 1-fold induction.
By normalizing the results in agreement with the control vector pTK activity (1.28-fold) following PMA-treatment of the cells, the observed increases in luciferase activity of these constructs represent a 1.51-fold ( = 1.93/1.28) or a 4.00-fold ( = 5.11/1.28) activation, respectively.
Quantification was done by normalizing the results to those of HSA.
Relative expression was calculated by normalizing the results by these obtained for non vernalized plants.
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According to expressions (10a) and (10b), the output luminance image is then calculated by normalizing the result of weighted linear combination between the remapped luminance image and the local contrast enhancement component.
Absolute counts were obtained by multiplying the number of events detected in each subpopulation of events by the volume of the suspension analysed by the cytometer and by normalizing the result obtained to 1 ml mouse blood (taking the dilution factor of the blood into account).
The radiocarbon dating results are reported according to international convention (18), and C content are given as percentage modern carbon (pMC) based on the measured C/C ratio corrected for the natural isotopic fractionation by normalizing the result to the standard δC value of −25‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB; δC calibration standard).
By normalizing the resulting vector field to a mean vector magnitude of 1, we finally construct the motor-velocity field v m ′. v m ′ is used subsequently to compute the cytoplasmic flow field, and to simulate active motor-driven cargo transport on the cytoskeleton.
The relative amounts of CYP1B1 or CYP2R1 mRNAs in two different sample types (MNCs and CD34+ CBHSPCs) were determined by comparing to a common set of standard curves and by further normalizing the results by the amounts of β-actin in the same samples.
Relative luciferase activity was calculated by normalizing the assay results to β-galactosidase expression values.
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