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The relative abundance was calculated by normalizing the peak area of citrate with internal standard (IS) in the same chromatogram.
We also calculated the gain of activity of each chimera by normalizing the peak values of Ca2+-dependent activity to Bmax values (Table S1 of the Supporting Information).
Accumulation ratios (ACR) between the mitochondrial matrix and the extra-mitochondrial environment were calculated by normalizing the peak areas to mitochondrial volume (0.5 µL/mg protein [28]) and to 4 ml for the extra-mitochondrial environment.
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The relative concentrations were determined by normalizing the integrated peak intensity for each individual elemental channel to the summed intensity over all element channels.
The ASE ratio was calculated by normalizing the ratio between the peak areas of the two alleles in cDNA with the same parameters in genomic DNA.
After that, depending on the charge state of the parent ion, RAId_DbS uses either x = 27 for single and doubly charged precursor ions or x = 27/(q - 1) for precursor ion with charge state q ≥ 3. RAId_DbS further normalize the peak intensity by a user-selected cutoff I c.
Results were expressed by normalizing peak areas by the total amount of protein obtained.
Amino acid levels were quantified by integrating electropherogram peaks, normalizing the amino acid peaks to an internal standard, and then comparing them to known standards.
Transient amplitude was measured by normalizing peak change in Fluo-A fluorescence (ΔF) to the fluorescence baseline (F0) and presented as mean ΔF/F0 for each neuron included in the analysis.
It is plausible that, comparing to absolute content, relative content of several fatty acids might narrow their difference among different species by normalizing peak areas as percentages of total fatty acids.
Values of peak cross-correlations were normalized by the peak cross-correlation obtained by shuffling the spike timing of the source data.
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