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Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease produced by normal and malignant prostate epithelial cells.
The infusion of genetically engineered, autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells directed against CD19 expressed by normal and malignant B cells represents a novel approach to cancer therapy.
Previously we reported hCG secretion by normal and malignant bladder epithelial cells in vitro.
Prostasomes are secreted by normal and malignant prostate acinar cells [ 155] after MVB fusion with membranes like exosomes, but they differ from exosomes according to their size and composition (e.g., membrane lipids).
This differential T-oligo effect is not due to selective uptake, as T-oligo is taken up by normal and malignant cells equally well, but rather to different cellular responses.
However, there is evidence in RCC that CRP is produced by normal and malignant renal epithelial cells (Jabs et al, 2003, 2005) with a significant correlation between pre-operative serum CRP and tissue CRP mRNA levels.
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Other markers such as CA-125, which was produced by both normal and malignant endometrium but not by the cell line, and human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-hCG), which was produced by Ishikawa cells but not by any of the fresh tissues, were less cancer specific.
A comparison of the level of DNA excision repair (repair replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis) confirms that some forms of alkylating-agent damage (probably mono-filar DNA adducts) are less completely removed by both normal and malignant rodent cells than by their human counterparts, rendering rodent cells more susceptible to the toxic potential of unexcised lesions.
These vesicles are secreted by most normal and malignant cells and share in common an enclosed lipid bilayer.
So, it is not a cancer-specific protein, which is absent in normal cells, but a tissue-specific protein that is shared by both normal and malignant melanocytes.
The PEI-GNRs obtained were nontoxic and showed high stability and high dispersion in cell culture media, as well as active uptake by both normal and malignant cells.
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