Sentence examples for by mutation and selection from inspiring English sources

So just as evolution of species is driven by mutation and selection, cancer evolution is also driven by both oncogenic mutations and alterations in selective pressures, both of which can result from aging and carcinogenic exposures.

They are called "memes," and are treated as evolving, just as genes do, by mutation and selection, with the most successful memes being those that are the most faithfully replicated.

The hardware needs to fit through a mammalian birth canal, to be reasonably protected for a mobile life in a hazardous environment, to consume something like 1,000 calories per day and so on – not to mention being achievable by mutation and selection over a time scale of some tens of millions of years, starting from what existed back then!

Species evolve by mutation and selection acting on individuals in a population; tumors evolve by mutation and selection acting on cells in a tissue.

The basis for the altered DNA specificities of two Cre recombinase variants, obtained by mutation and selection, was revealed by their cocrystal structures.

In other words, if complex organisms evolve by mutation and selection, there must be a mechanism that makes mutations more likely to produce adaptive phenotypes than predicted by the Fisher's model.

Most clinically distinguishable malignant tumors are characterized by specific mutations, specific patterns of chromosomal rearrangements and a predominant mechanism of genetic instability but it remains unsolved whether modifications of cancer genomes can be explained solely by mutations and selection through the cancer microenvironment.

Over many generations, one version of the gene will often keep its original function while the other one slowly changes by mutation and natural selection, picking up a new, though usually related, function.

Once established in the lung, further adaptation appears to be driven primarily by mutation and clonal selection.

Gene duplication followed by mutation and natural selection is widely held as the key mechanism whereby the large diversity of toxins found within a single venom could have evolved [ 458, 459].

BIOLOGICAL evolution happens by random mutation and selection.