By mutant analyses, we demonstrate a graded effect of FLC expression upon circadian period.
Genes containing these binding sites are enriched in the gene sets induced by over-expression of the respective FruM isoform in males, and in the genes identified as induced by FruM in loss-of-function mutant analyses.
Lack of correlation between transcriptional profiling and deletion mutant analyses has been reported in the literature by investigators using both selected individual mutants as well as whole-genome mutant populations [ 53- 57].
Furthermore, mutant analyses have demonstrated that Nodal signalling is required for nkx2.5 signalling and, in a similar manner to the scenario in swirl/bmp2b mutants, nkx2.5 expression in Nodal mutants can be restored by ectopic expression of gata5.
As such, the importance of MPER in the function of Env is highlighted by analyses of mutant viruses involving MPER deletions, insertions and substitutions (Munoz-Barroso et al., 1999; Dimitrov et al., 2007; Vishwanathan and Hunter, 2008).
The predictions of the mechanistic model were confirmed by analyses of mutant plants altered in initiation or emergence.
Therefore, the conclusions from our study have to be taken with care and have to be validated by analyses of mutant proteins that will be expressed in eukaryotic cells or obtained from tissues of animal models of CBS deficiency.
We looked for amino acids that are close to the chromophore having different polarity between PrB and PrV, and thus focused on two amino acid residues and tested their contributions by introducing site-directed mutations followed by spectroscopic analyses of the mutant molecules.
As evidenced by phenotypic analyses of Arabidopsis mutants, jasmonates are involved in various developmental processes, one of them being flower development.
Further morphological characterization of omr mutant larva was effectuated by histological analyses of the larvae, allowing the confirmation of the total absence of the two pigment cells inside the sensory vesicle (data not shown).
