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Each user decodes the received signals by multiplying them with the postcoding vectors, D k, of dimension (q_{k} times N_{R_{k}}phantom {dot {i}!}).
Step 3 Compensate the range migration term ϕ rcm(f η ), range modulation term ϕ rg(f η ), residue phase term ϕ res(f η, f τ ), and SRC term ϕ src(f η ), this can be implemented by multiplying them with their conjugate phase,, H 1 f τ, f η, R 0 = exp jϕ f τ, f η (23).
(21) within a finite domain, Ω, in a standard manner by multiplying them with corresponding test functions and by performing integration by parts on the flux terms: {fontsize{8}{12}{begin{aligned} text{F}_{1} !&=! int_{Omega}! left(rho_{0} ddot u_{k} updelta u_{k},+, P_{rk} updelta u_{k,r}!
The mean and its standard error (SEM) of the normalized trends for each group of cells were then adjusted to mV-scale by multiplying them with the measured average SD-value of each population at the first second (Fig. 2E).
These were converted into half-lives by multiplying them with the natural logarithm of two.
These values were then converted to unit area resistance (Ω·cm) by multiplying them with the effective membrane surface area (0.336 cm).
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In order to compare weights, we can standardize them by multiplying every weight with the SD of the corresponding variable: a* = [ s1 a1, s2 a2, …, s pa p] (Rencher 2002).
The residuals are converted to VTEC (we call them VTEC anomalies) by multiplying with the cosine of the incident angle of LOS with a thin layer at the ionospheric E-region altitude (100 km).
The area density can be converted into nanometers by multiplying it with an approximate factor of 0.1695.
RKS maps the input data matrix to higher dimension by multiplying it with the generated random matrix.
The maximal pool surface area (m2) was calculated by multiplying length with width divided by two.
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