As the services keep track of what it costs to train somebody in a specific skill, the price tag, we are told, can be calculated simply by multiplying the number of service members ejected by the cost of training a replacement.
The total expenditure of health and social services utilization was determined by multiplying the use of services by their standard unit costs.
Similar to a previous cost-effectiveness evaluation of clinical services for first-episode psychosis [ 9], costs for non-EPICENTER outpatient mental health services were calculated by multiplying the number of such services by the hourly rate for a mental health counselor as reported in the 2013 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates for the United States [ 36].
The costs of the building were calculated by multiplying the area size of the service with the unit cost of public building (MYR 85/ft) [ 24].
Direct health costs will be calculated by multiplying the number of health service units (consultations, hospital days, etc).
Direct medical costs are treatment costs for several formal (e.g. general practitioners, mental health services, social work, home care) and informal caregivers (such as family and friends), which were calculated by multiplying the number of health service units (e.g. consultations, contacts) by their standard cost price [ 17].
Finally, the value coefficients of ecosystem services were calculated by multiplying the food production values by their service to production ratios (see Table 3), as follows: V C kf = R kf × V F (1). where, VC kf : The ecosystem service value for ecosystem function f in land use type k ($ per hectare per year).
Formal care expenditure was determined by multiplying the frequency of use of services by their average unit costs.
Real staff costs were calculated from the health care service perspective by multiplying the collected time data by the wages of the respective care provider professionals.
The capacity of a line is obtained by multiplying the car capacity, the train length, and the service frequency.
