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The strains measured at the Bragg gratings of a Smart Strand can be converted to the prestress at each grating by multiplying the modulus of elasticity of the Smart Strand, and can further be converted to the prestressing force by multiplying the cross sectional area of the Smart Strand.
Stroke volume (SV), the volume of blood ejected by the ventricle in one heartbeat, was determined by multiplying the cross sectional area of the aorta (A aorta).
Esophageal Doppler devices measure blood flow in the descending aorta and estimate cardiac output by multiplying the cross sectional area of the aorta by blood flow velocity.
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The individual subvolumes of spared spinal cord tissue were obtained by multiplying the cross-sectional areas of spared tissue by the distance between sections, and the subvolumes were added to obtain the total volume of spared spinal cord tissue.
Lesion volumes were calculated by multiplying the cross-sectional area of each section by the section thickness and adding the individual section volumes.
SV is calculated by multiplying the cross-sectional area of the aorta (from nomograms based on height, weight, and age) by the blood flow velocity.
Tumour size was considered the maximum cross-sectional area of the enhancing mass on CT or MR, and calculated by multiplying the largest cross-sectional diameter measured in centimetres by the largest diameter perpendicular to it.
For both high and low oxidative muscle fibre regions, myonuclear density was calculated by multiplying the mean cross-sectional area by the mean number of myonuclei per mm muscle fibre.
Hippocampal volumes were derived by multiplying the sum of the cross-sectional area within the traced contour on each slice by the slice thickness and doubled for 3T data (only alternate slices were measured).
The normalized intensity of each peak was calculated by multiplying the integrated intensity and the cross section of each element.
You can determine this volume by multiplying the height of the sediment by the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical column.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com