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Results are presented as mean±S.E.M. Non-parametric statistical analyses, including the Mann-Whitney U test or the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, and analyses of variance (ANOVA) followed by multiple comparisons of means by a Student-Newman-Keuls' procedure were used to evaluate differences between means of experimental groups.
Every test was followed by multiple comparisons of mean ranks between pairs of groups (Mann–Whitney tests) and the resulting p-values were corrected by Bonferroni method.
The ACC neuronal responses to graded CRD pressures between the 2 groups were compared by 1-way repeated-measures ANOVA, followed by multiple comparisons of the Bonferroni's test.
Statistical comparisons were carried out using the general linear model, followed by multiple comparisons of the means using Tukey's post hoc analysis.
If the conditions for ANOVA were not satisfied, the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by multiple comparisons of mean ranks for all groups was used [ 36].
Aluminium accumulation in crayfish gill from all localities was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test (Table 7) followed by multiple comparisons of mean ranks for all groups.
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Groups were compared by ANOVA followed by multiple comparison of means with Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test.
Experiments were performed in triplicate, and for the statistical analysis, either Student's t-test, assuming equal variances, or ANOVA followed by multiple comparison of means with Bonferroni's multiple comparison test was used (GraphPad Prism, version 4 statistical software; GraphPad Software).
One-way ANOVA (p < 0.001) followed by multiple comparison of means showed that the XARcomp activity was significantly different between the study groups (LSD test, p < 0.001) except for Sweden and Warsaw (LSD test, p = 0.91).
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test whether soil properties varied between different areas followed by multiple comparisons to test the effect of land-use types and urbanization on each variable.
Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by multiple comparisons between pairs of group medians using Bonferroni significant differences (BSD), were applied to determine if soil texture heterogeneity, measured using the BEI, significantly varied between the lithological groups under study.
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