Misexpression of Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRcomponentsents in human cells profoundly influences the onset of cellular senescence by modulating transcription of the INK4a tumor suppressor gene.
Recently, lncRNAs have also shown their tumorigenic potential by modulating transcription of p53 [ 24].
Therefore, we propose that partial or complete deletion of Errβ may alter Crh expression by modulating transcription of Crhbp or Crhr2, resulting in altered corticosterone secretion.
AMPK affects these activities by phosphorylating proteins regulating these pathways (instant effect) as well as by modulating transcription of genes encoding proteins of these pathways (delayed effect) [ 53- 55].
As an abundant nuclear protein [9], TDP-43 regulates gene expression by modulating transcription, splicing and stability of mRNA [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15].
Thus, by modulating transcription, the catalytic activity of HDACs directs cell fate through hormonal response, apoptosis, cell differentiation, multipotent cell status, as well as cell cycle progress (Nagy et al., 1997; Sambucetti et al., 1999; Zhong et al., 2002; Tang and Goldman, 2006; Baltus et al., 2009; Wilting et al., 2010; Yamaguchi et al., 2010).
Sirtuins can influence the progression of neurodegenerative disorders by modulating transcription factor activity and directly deacetylating proteotoxic species.
Moreover, each promoter contained a unique 100% consensus sequence in the promoter region indicating a direct link by which FRZB could modulate transcription of these genes (Table 6).
SCFA especially butyrate possess anti-cancer activity through induction of apoptosis and promotion of differentiation by modulating the transcription of a number of underlying genes [ 3].
Similar to editing in miRNAs, SNPs in miRNA genes can affect the function of them by modulating the transcription of the primary transcripts, processing of pri-miRNAs and pre-miRNAs, maturation, or miRNA:target interactions [ 21, 22].
By modulating the transcription of a number of anti-apoptotic genes, such as Bcl-2 (66), Bcl-xL (67), cIAPs (68), and p53 (69), NF-κB is commonly considered an anti-apoptotic transcription factor (70, 71), which is consistent with the anti-apoptotic role of PKR in HepG2 cells.
