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Normal endothelium sustains vascular tone and structure by modulating the balance between vasodilators such as NO and prostacyclin, and vasoconstrictors such as endothelin-1 and angiotensin II [ 5].
This is the strongest piece of evidence that calcium regulates the speed of endocytosis by modulating the balance of calcineurin/Cdk5 activity.
DWYG demonstrates therapeutic potential to prevent liver fibrosis by modulating the balance between EMT and MET through reducing the expression ratio of TGF-β1/BMP-7 and inhibiting the excessive activation of Hh signaling pathway.
Numerous studies suggest that mitochondria play an important role in cell survival and cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis by modulating the balance of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins [ 29– 31].
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This temporal control is executed by modulating the force balance between cell wall strength and turgor through feedback loops based on signaling cascades [12].
Based on these studies, similar results in our previous work showed that DHEA protects against joint destruction and inhibits the progression of OA by modulating the catabolic/anabolic balance of cartilage, including the MMPs/TIMP-1 system [ 18] and the ADAMTS/TIMP-3 system [ 10, 19].
Therefore, modulating the balance between these two programs offers the potential to develop strategies for cardioprotection.
Hyaluronan is closely associated with tumourigenesis as it influences tumour cell behaviour and cancer progression by modulating the hydration and osmotic balance in the tumour environment.
Studies have shown that TLR2 acts as an agonist by modulating the immune response and Th1/Th2 balance [ 7].
Generally, during metabolic stress AMPK assures cell survival maintaining adequate cellular energy balance by modulating the expression of genes involved in ATP-generating pathways through FFAs oxidation.
Mitochondrial electron transport chain function critically depends on proper assembly and function of multiple subunits and disrupting this balance by modulating the expression level of one of the precursor subunits such as NDUFS3 is expected to affect the mitochondrial function.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com