The use of probiotics, particularly in animal models, also demonstrates that their secreted products or metabolites can modulate contractility of intestinal smooth muscle and visceral sensitivity.
This close interplay between α-actinin and NMMII in modulating contractility is consistent with biophysical studies of gels composed of F-actin, NMMII and α-actinin, which have found that bulk contractility of the gel occurs only above a threshold α-actinin concentration [39].
Levosimendan is known to exert multiple effects on perfused hearts at concentrations as low as 0.3 μM; the effect of levosimendan on skinned muscle fibers was half-maximal by 0.3 μM and maximal by 10 μM (36), and similar levels of levosimendan modulated contractility in cardiomyocytes (37).
To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that a structural membrane skeleton protein regulates Hippo signaling by modulating actomyosin contractility.
These findings implicate spectrin as the only tumor suppressor identified to date that regulates Hippo signaling by modulating cortical actomyosin contractility.
A promising approach is to enhance cardiac muscle contractility by modulating Ca transport6,7.
In the heart, NE is released from sympathetic nerve terminals upon stimulation and acts on the myocardium by modulating heart rate, myocardial contractility and calcium handling via alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors [9].
Cells sense and respond to external physical forces and changes in matrix mechanics by modulating their endogenous cytoskeletal contractility.
K C a1.1 regulates smooth muscle contractility by modulating membrane potential, and age‐associated changes in K C a1.1 expression may contribute to the development of motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
IL-13 has been shown to directly modulate the contractility of airway smooth muscle.
