On the other hand, it has been shown that by targeting the metabolites correlated with an objective phenotype, gene targets for modifying the phenotype could be selected [ 22].
These results showed that the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system is useful to produce desirable mutant plants with an agronomically suitable phenotype by modifying the metabolic pathway in B. napus.
Defective ion transport resulting in disturbed mucociliary clearance and, as a consequence, in acute and chronic infections followed by an inflammatory response, form the basis of lung disease in CF. Therefore, genes involved in these pathways are expected to contribute to the CF phenotype by modifying the clinical course and severity of lung disease.
However, separate manipulation of functionally distinct genomes provides experimental opportunities, especially for the analysis of essential genes, by modifying the silent micronucleus then subsequently examining phenotypes in the next sexual generation.
Subsequently, any elements modifying the phenotypes were discarded if they produced a phenotype in the absence of CLN3 overexpression, even if the phenotypes were very different.
If the model results do not completely capture the experimentally observed phenotypes or behavior by modifying the model parameters within biologically valid ranges, important structures, mechanisms or processes that are required to correctly capture the specific in vivo situation may be missing in the model.
This modulation is a possible mechanism used by T. crassiceps to modify the phenotype and hence the functions of human DCs, directing the balance toward immune suppression and allowing the survival of this parasite [ 60].
Further evidence is required to substantiate the hypothesis proposed by Lange et al. (2014), that R32450W/R279W modifies the phenotype of HMERF.
We recently reported that proteasome inhibition (PI) profoundly modifies the phenotype of human dermal fibroblasts by reducing type I collagen synthesis and increasing MMP-1 production [ 21].
