Sentence examples for by microbial pathogens are from inspiring English sources

Outbreaks and recalls caused by microbial pathogens are widely attributed to contaminated foods, and lead to considerable public health and economic burdens.

A necessary step in the successful colonization and progression of disease by microbial pathogens is the ability to adhere to host surfaces [8].

Once microbial pathogens are recognized by various receptor or recognition factors, different signalling cascades are activated via amplifaction or supressed via dampening.

Host specificity of microbial pathogens is determined by elaborate molecular interactions between the pathogens and hosts.

Gene loss in microbial pathogens is principally caused by i) adaptation to a more specific niche of which certain gene products become unnecessary and, ii) inactivation/elimination of antivirulence genes (AVG) that is incompatible to newly acquired virulence factors [ 84].

The crossing of the placental barrier by a microbial pathogen is an essential indicator of virulence [44].

Host specificity or tropism of a microbial pathogen is defined by its ability to colonize (or infect) a host organism.

Research that might greatly enhance the harm caused by microbial pathogens has been of special concern (1 3).

The general importance of endo-xylanases produced by microbial plant pathogens was reviewed by Beliën et al. [8].

Remarkably some of these EMT-signaling pathways are upregulated by microbial pathogens, therefore suggesting that pathogens may also be considered as EMT inducers.

Besides catalyzing the hydrolysis of 1,3-β-linkages of cell-wall polymers found in plants, certain 1,3-β-glucanases also hydrolyze fungal cell-wall 1,3/1,6-β-glucans and are induced when plants are infected by microbial pathogens and/or herbivores [ 30- 32].