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A scenario, which combines these two processes, includes the formation of elemental sulfur with unknown isotopic composition by microbial oxidation of hydrogen sulfide, followed by a shift in the isotopic composition of elemental sulfur to δ34S values slightly larger than those of sulfide by (at least partial) equilibration with polysulfides (Eq. 9).
The low iodide concentrations (<11 nM) measured during the mixis period are consistent with the oxidation of iodide, produced by microbial mineralization of organic matter, to iodate by dissolved oxygen [34] or by microbial oxidation of iodide to iodate by nitrifying bacteria [32, 33].
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Oxidative decay of organic matter (such as mine timber) is a likely source of the organic carbon, which is converted to CO2 by microbial oxidation.
SEM images indicated that morphological and compositional features of schwertmannite were dominated by: (1) framboid-like spheroidal clusters with Fe/S ratio > 5 that were preserved after crystallization and likely formed by dissolution of pyrite and microbial oxidation of Fe2 + by acidophilic bacteria and (2) fibrous spheres (0.3 3 μm) with filamentous morphology and a high degree of porosity.
Transient redox conditions caused by the water table fluctuations enhanced microbial oxidation of soil organic matter, resulting in a pronounced depletion of particulate organic carbon in the midsection of the fluctuating water table column.
Extrapolated literature values for microbial oxidation of Fe(II)(aq) by neutrophilic microbial populations to the simulated reactor conditions suggested that the microbially-mediated rate may be several orders-of-magnitude slower than the surface-catalysed oxidation.
Furthermore, the microbial oxidation of elemental selenium (Se0) by chemoheterotrophs and chemoautotrophic thiobacilli was confirmed by using 75Se0 as a tracer [13].
Interestingly, the microbial oxidation of Se0 to Se4+ by a group of unidentified autotrophic bacteria was discovered more than 90 years ago [10].
Microbial oxidation of arsenite is a critical link in the global As cycle and is mediated by the functional gene of arsenite oxidase (aioA).
The microbial oxidation of methane in biocover is considered a promising technology for the mitigation of methane emissions from landfills.
Microbial oxidation of sulfur is the basis of most ecosystems at seafloor hydrothermal environments.
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