If the genes identified as sperm quality markers by microarray studies are successfully attributed to the pathogenesis of male infertility, then the microarray strategy may be used as a clinical diagnostic tool for male infertility.
The significant upregulation of p21/CDKN1A CDKs inhibitor gene, monitored by microarray studies, was further investigated at the protein level by immunoblot analysis.
While tumor subtypes still segregate primarily by expression of estrogen receptor (ER), p53, and ErbB2, the 'intrinsic' genetic signatures as defined by microarray studies are more informative classifiers of tumor subtypes.
Previous prognostic microarray studies were limited by sample size, interlaboratory variability, lack of external (out of study) validation, non-standardized analytical approaches and inclusion of histologic subtypes with distinct genetic profiles and outcome (i.e. clear cell, and mucinous cancers) [11].
To determine the OCIAD2 expression, different available microarray studies were analyzed by the Oncomine database and GEO gene microarray data analysis tools.
These previously published microarray studies were approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Karolinska Institutet and in France by the CPP, Hôtel-Dieu hospital (Paris).
MicroRNA for the microarray studies were generated by extracting total RNA from chondrocyte micropellets of healthy (n = 4) and OA (n = 6) donors.
The levels of selected mRNA and miRNA observed on microarray studies were validated by using a SYBR-based quantitative RT-PCR method [ 25].
For whole transcriptome analyses, microarray studies were performed by the Vancouver Prostate Centre Laboratory for Advanced Genome Analysis (Vancouver, Canada) using the Illumina human HT-12 v4 beadchip.
In order to validate the results from microarray analysis, transcripts of 13 selected genes, which were significantly expressed in the microarray studies, were analyzed by Real-Time-qPCR (see Additional file 4).
