The electron donation ability of the obtained extract was measured by bleaching of the purple-coloured solution of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) according to the method of Hatano et al. [ 25].
The experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 7. Bleaching was documented by measuring the transmission of white light from an incandescent light bulb source that was collected by a spectrometer AvaSpec-2048-2 AvaSpec-2048-2 AvaSpec-2048-2etherlandspectrometer
(iii) We quantified coral health by measuring pathologies and magnitude of disease, bleaching, and/or drastic predatory damage recorded (see Coral disease below).
Physical interaction of CFP COP1 and YFP CO was tested by measuring FRET using photoacceptor bleaching, as previously described (Wenkel et al, 2006).
However, control experiments that measured the bleaching of free fluorophores in solution revealed that the free fluorophores did not all bleach in a single step as expected.
First, we developed a new method to estimate the number of fluorescent molecules in light microscopy images by measuring the intensity fluctuations during photo-bleaching over time (for details see 'Materials and methods' and Figure 2 figure supplement 3).
Coral bleaching has been studied mostly at the physiological level by detecting the progressive loss of symbiotic algae or by measuring changes in the integrity and performance of their photosynthetic apparatus [9], [10].
We monitored the spread of silencing using control plants infiltrated with the pTVPDS construct which induced leaf bleaching, while the efficiency of silencing was determined by measuring transcript abundances using qRT-PCR.
By measuring the discrete decreases in fluorescence intensity as incorporated fluorophores bleach over time, SPOT permits a direct measure of the number of incorporated fluorophores and the fluorophore labeling efficiency for multi-component nanoparticles.
