For phylogenetic analysis, alignment was bootstrapped 100 times and analysed by the maximal likelihood method using the PHYML 3.0 program [ 20].
Using the tCWCH2+1ZF (3ZFs) amino acid sequences, we constructed phylogenetic trees by the Bayesian inference (BI), maximal likelihood (ML), and neighbor joining (NJ) methods.
Structural learning can be achieved by choosing the graphical structure with maximal likelihood, or its penalised versions, such as AIC and BIC.
To estimate the proportion of infected mosquitoes in Cx. pipiens samples maximal likelihood estimation (MLE) was calculated [49] by the Poolscreen2 program [50].
Categorical variables were described by frequencies, and comparisons between groups were performed using maximal likelihood chi-square test of Fisher's exact test.
By far the highest signal reproducibility with a CV maximal likelihood of 7% was obtained with the RapidACN protocol, indicating best suitability of this protocol in label-free quantification.
We find that the maximal likelihood for asymmetric attachment exceeds that for symmetric attachment by a factor pasym/ psym ~ 4. The data thus favor an asymmetric attachment process, consistently with the biological interpretation given above.
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using AMOS 21.0.0 to test the model defined by the EFA as well as a single factor model using the maximal likelihood estimation method.
For the phylogenic tree analyses, MEGA4 {Neighbor-Joining tree (NJ, JTT model, alpha value was determined by Tree-Puzzle [ 72]), http://www.megasoftware.net/, [ 73, 74]}, RAxML {Maximal Likelihood (ML, WAG model) tree, http://phylobench.vital-it.ch/raxml-bb/, [ 75]}, and MrBayes3.1.2 {Bayesian Inference (BI, WAG model) tree, [ 76]} were used.
A more general approach, which can be used for balanced and unbalanced designs, is based on residual maximal likelihood (REML).
