To cope with the increasingly severe problem of housing unaffordability brought about by marketization reforms, the government of marketized socialist China has adopted a nationwide policy of constructing large-scale subsidized housing estates.
More recently, the complementary Eastern European welfare state type has been considered, in the social policy literature, to account for specific features of countries that have experienced dramatic changes from a communist welfare state to systems characterized by marketization and decentralization 21.
Indeed, the interviews reveal that in the publishing industry, both senior editors and junior editors are facing the same challenges brought about by the media marketization process.
(c) To what extent do you recognize the challenges toward the propaganda function of the media sector brought about by the media marketization process? 2.
The size and scope of the public sector in many countries has been greatly reduced by privatization, deregulation, and marketization.
Marketization, formalized by a 1988 statute on economic activity, was a process that would continue past the mid-1990s.
Prominent examples of marketization include contracting out, internal markets, management contracts, and market testing.
The culture fever of the eighties had given way to a focus on economic growth, propelled by Deng Xiaoping's push for "marketization".
In these chapters, we read of many of these mechanisms - and how they have been affected, usually adversely, by outside pressures (government changes, marketization and privatisation, and 'Islamic renewal' in the African cases) that have led to greater individualization of property rights, and have not always been replaced by outside aid to alleviate stock disasters.
However, many scholars do not agree with Wank's conclusion, arguing that the patron-client relation will be replaced by formal institutional structures as marketization proceeds, because it has led to problems of "over-embeddedness" and a transaction structure oriented towards particularism.
However, its fast paced marketization process created ample market opportunities during the transitional process, particularly for less educated or skilled labour in the manufacturing sector.
