Many normal cells are not killed by TNF-α and this may be related to NF-κB transactivation; blockade of NF-κB sensitizes cells to TNF-α and augments induced apoptotic cell death [ 9].
Standard chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells, but also kills many normal cells, causing side effects like fatigue, hair loss, pain, nausea, and vomiting.
In contrast, many normal cells ubiquitously express LAT2, the second system L isoform 5, 17.
The appearance of LCH lesions under the microscope, which commonly contain only a small number of abnormal immune LCH cells surrounded by many normal immune cells initially led to questions about LCH as a cancer or immune disorder [ 3].
The development of a serum-free protocol to generate "fully licensed" DC in vitro [ 18] and the identification of an immunogenic CDR3 peptide of the A20 Id enabled us to interrogate the possible extremes in Id vaccination, i.e. to analyze responses to a unique CDR3 peptide versus a FR4/J peptide expressed by many normal B cells.
Many normal cell and/or tissue behaviors are often co-opted by and for malignant cells.
11 Varying ratios of DJ-1 isoforms are considered to determine the differing cellular responses to many stimuli by normal cells, including the neuronal cell.
Many normal stem cells express high levels of ABC transporters [45].
This indirectly demonstrates that ligands for NCR are expressed by many transformed, but also by normal cells.
CD13 is also expressed by many cells of normal tissues, including epithelial cells from the small intestine, proximal renal tubules, prostate, bile duct canaliculi, keratinocytes, mast cells, myeloid cells, and antigen-presenting cells [ 12– 15].
