by manual annotation of

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "by manual annotation of" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when describing a process that involves labeling or marking data by hand, often in the context of data preparation or analysis. Example: "The dataset was improved by manual annotation of the images to ensure accurate labeling for the machine learning model."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

13 human-written examples

In order to automatically classify behavioral states, speed and motion tracking data were averaged into 500 ms bins and thresholds were determined by manual annotation of fly behavior (Supplementary Fig. 1).

Nature

An additional 29 models were identified by manual annotation of 615 models with multiple PFAM hits.

Plosone

Interaction between the male and female mice was quantified by manual annotation of video recordings in which the behaviors were categorized as sniff body, approach, chase, walk away, mount and attempt mount, thrust and/or ejaculation, or non-interacting.

Plosone

We constructed a training set by manual annotation of 3100 patient images with the 36 landmarks.

eLife

The distribution of SSRs was further described by manual annotation of all microsatellites present in the 10 largest scaffolds, representing 75.33 % of the genome.

BMC Genomics

In each case, GO terms were validated by manual annotation of protein functions using domain predictions from NCBI Conserved Domain and InterProScan Database searches [ 35, 36].

BMC Biology

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

47 human-written examples

If models were missing or likely to be incorrect, new models were made by manual annotations of the genomic sequences.

BMC Evolutionary Biology

A functional annotation of the 198 Hpa unigenes predicted to encode secreted proteins was performed by comparison to the Pfam database of protein domains [45] and by manual annotation to search for specific classes of effectors.

Plosone

For instance, for the Drug-Drug Interaction corpus, drugs were automatically annotated using the Metamap tool followed by the manual annotation of relationships by experts.

F1000Research

The blacklist is used by UniProt to prevent these annotations being created not only by automatic annotation, but also by manual annotation through the use of on-the-fly checks in our curation interface, Protein2GO.

GigaScience

The CNN classification was validated by the manual annotation of a pathologist specialized in head and neck cancer.

Stanford University

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Combine "by manual annotation of" with specifics about the annotation process or the annotators' expertise to provide a more detailed description of the methodology.

Common error

Avoid using "by manual annotation of" when automated methods could achieve the same result more efficiently. Consider whether manual annotation is truly necessary, or if automation would be more appropriate given the project's resources and goals. For example: "The initial dataset was automatically pre-processed. It was refined "by manual annotation" to correct errors that the algorithm had introduced."

Linguistic Context

The phrase "by manual annotation of" functions as a prepositional phrase modifying a verb or noun, indicating the means by which an action is performed or a quality is achieved. As Ludwig confirms, it's a valid and usable construct. For example, in "The data was refined by manual annotation of images", the phrase specifies how the data was refined.

Expression frequency: Uncommon

Frequent in

Science

100%

Less common in

News & Media

0%

Formal & Business

0%

Academia

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "by manual annotation of" is a prepositional phrase used to describe the process of manually labeling or marking data, often in scientific contexts. As confirmed by Ludwig, the phrase is grammatically correct and usable, although it may be less frequently encountered than alternatives like "through manual labeling of". It is most commonly found in formal and scientific writing, and understanding its function and purpose can help writers effectively communicate their research methodologies. Always consider automation alternatives as shown in the "Overlooking Automation Alternatives" tip and be specific about your annotation process.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

through manual labeling of

Focuses on the act of labeling rather than annotation, implying a more basic form of identification.

via hand-labeling of

Emphasizes the manual aspect of labeling, using "hand-labeling" instead of "manual annotation".

using manual markup for

Highlights the use of manual techniques to add markup, changing the noun from "annotation" to "markup".

with manual tagging of

Replaces "annotation" with "tagging", suggesting a simpler form of data identification.

by human-driven classification of

Emphasizes the human element in classifying the data, using a more descriptive term.

through curated labeling of

Highlights the curatorial aspect of manual labeling, implying careful selection and organization.

by expert-reviewed notation of

Focuses on the expertise involved in creating notations, emphasizing review and validation.

via artisanal coding of

Uses "artisanal" to emphasize the skilled, manual process of coding, adding a creative aspect.

using bespoke annotation for

Highlights the custom nature of the annotation process, using the word "bespoke".

through personalized marking of

Emphasizes the personalized aspect of manual marking, suggesting a unique approach.

FAQs

How do I use "by manual annotation of" in a sentence?

Use "by manual annotation of" to describe a process where data is labeled or marked by hand. For example, "The dataset was improved "by manual annotation of" the images to ensure accurate labeling for the machine learning model."

What can I say instead of "by manual annotation of"?

You can use alternatives like "through manual labeling of", "via hand-labeling of", or "using manual markup for" depending on the specific context.

When is manual annotation preferable to automated annotation?

Manual annotation is preferable when high accuracy is needed and automated methods are prone to errors, or when dealing with complex or nuanced data that requires human judgment. It is particularly useful when you want to guarantee the best quality in your data.

What are the drawbacks of annotating data manually?

Manual annotation can be time-consuming and expensive, especially for large datasets. It is also subject to human error and inconsistency. Therefore, is important that annotators are well trained and that proper quality assurance methods are put in place.