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Patients with physician diagnosed COPD, and confirmed by lung function measurement, visiting an outpatient clinic were invited to participate in the study.
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Spirometric lung function measurement is commonly used for the diagnosis, assessment, and management of lung diseases [20].
However, the relatively early measurement of fibrinogen and CRP (year 7) compared to lung function measurement (year 20) ensures that the exposure of systemic inflammation predated, by more than a decade, our principle outcome measurements.
Lung function measurement was undertaken twice daily, in the early morning, and around 6.00 pm, supervised by House Matrons, who were all trained nurses given training in spirometry.
A Pearson correlation test was performed to relate the results of lung function measurement and lung histology.
Overall differences were small and pulse oximetry measurement as well as lung function measurement has a certain bias [ 30, 31].
In addition, children with asthmatic symptoms will be phenotyped using lung function measurement.
Details of lung function measurement performed at ages 10 and 18 years were reported elsewhere [ 19].
As expected, the correlation between the CCQ and lung function measurement is lower (divergent validity).
Therefore, the aim of our study was first to assess disease progression in a nose-only CS-induced emphysema model by consecutive lung function measurements over time.
This supports the concept that PaO2 reflects an integration of factors, including ventilation perfusion mismatch and cardiac output, neither of which are well captured by conventional lung function measurements (airflow, lung volumes and gas transfer) but which may have implications for survival since cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is common in COPD [ 5].
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