Sentence examples for by lowering the surface from inspiring English sources

Trisodium citrate acts as a stabilizing agent to control the aggregation of the nanoparticles by lowering the surface tension between the solid particles and the solvent.

Discharges caused by water droplets on the surface of polymeric insulators can affect the long-term reliability of the component by lowering the surface hydrophobicity boosting surface discharges.

They alter the fabric surface properties by lowering the surface tension of the fabric which repels spill on contact by providing hydrophobic barrier to water and soils (Easter and Ankenman 2004, 2005; Hashim 1986).

The lipid tear film stabilizes the tears by lowering the surface tension and preventing aqueous tear evaporation and may be analyzed by kinetic analysis of the tear interference images.

Pulmonary surfactant (PS) is a surface active complex of lipids and proteins that prevents the alveolar structures from collapsing and reduces the work of breathing by lowering the surface tension at the alveolar air liquid interface (ALI).

In the ITER neutral beam injectors caesium will be used in the negative ion source to enhance the ion yield, by lowering the surface work function, and to reduce the co-extracted electrons.

At low concentrations (∼100 µg.ml−1) and under conditions where the chaplin peptides are expected to be monomeric each of the peptides behaved similarly, lowering the surface tension by 16 27 mJ.m−2 within seconds and then further towards a final surface tension of ∼30 40 mJ.m−2 over 10 minutes (Table 2).

Biosurfactants act by lowering the interfacial and surface tensions, and they also play a significant role in stabilizing oil-in-water emulsion [ 33– 33].

Moreover, the boron doping weakens the adsorption energy of poisoning intermediates on Pt surface by lowering the d-band center of Pt, facilitating the oxidative removal of poisoning intermediates and methanol oxidation.

First, it increases the rate by removing the surface-trapped electrons, hence by lowering the electron-hole recombination rate and increasing the efficiency of hole utilization for reactions such as (OH− + h+ → OH·).

In a thermodynamic equilibrium system, nanostructures tend to increase their dimensions by absorbing nearby adatoms to lower the surface energy until reaching the equilibrium in order to keep the energy of the whole system in the lowest state.