On the basis of our current results showing that BAY11 inhibited the IFN-α production in PBMCs from SLE patients as well as from healthy donors, treatment with BAY11 may have the potential to attenuate the IFN environment and in turn to break off the pathogenic spiral in autoimmune diseases by limiting the disordered pDC function.
We can therefore speculate that mouse iNKT cells may control PC growth in TRAMP mice by limiting the number or altering the function of tumor associated macrophages (TAM), which play an important role in supporting neoangiogenesis and tumor growth [52] via IFN-γ production.
Recently, MDM2 has emerged as the main regulator of p53 by limiting the p53 tumour suppressor function (Momand et al, 1992; Finlay, 1993; Chen et al, 1996).
In HIV-1 infection, Tregs probably have a beneficial function by limiting the damage of immune activation [32], [33], [34], [35].
It has been found that A-type PACs are iron chelators, indicating that PACs may disrupt normal bacterial function by limiting the supply of iron [ 9].
For instance, lipophagy during starvation may have a protecting function [ 24] by limiting the puzzling accumulation of triglycerides occurring during a 24 h fasting period [ 26] due to flooding the liver with free fatty acids liberated from adipose tissue.
Autophagy supports tumor growth by limiting p53 function, maintaining functional mitochondria, supplying metabolites for tumor metabolism, inhibiting senescence, modulating p62 function, preventing diversion of tumor progression to benign oncocytomas, and suppressing immune surveillance.
These data suggest that treatment with BAY11 could inhibit the in vivo IFN response by limiting pDC function when stimulated by TLR ligand.
MDM2 and MDM4 are considered the main cellular antagonist of p53 by limiting its functions [ 44].
Changing water condition represents a dramatic impact on global terrestrial ecosystem productivity, mainly by limiting plant functions, including growth and photosynthesis, particularly in arid and semiarid areas.
