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The photobioreactor optimization model is integrated to the metabolic network one by replacing the inner problem by its first order optimality conditions.
The reaction of CO2 with this highly basic tertiary amine occurs by two pathways: (1) a minor path via the CO2 reaction with hydroxide ion and (2) a predominant reaction pathway that can be characterized by its first order dependency on the free amine concentration.
A random process is not fully characterized by its first order statistics alone.
which is obtained by approximating ∂ ∂τ f ML by its first order Taylor series expansion around τ ̂ ML and γ ̂ ML (see [18], Section III).
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In accordance with standard practice in genetics and many other fields, the deviance is replaced by its second order approximation, the χ statistic, here denoted X, which converges in distribution more rapidly and monotonically to its large sample limit, subject to the usual proviso that each expected count is at least 5.
The Volterra model that was developed of the single-mode laser-diode is used to analyze the specific effects of the various laser-diode parameters on the diode linear characteristics described by its first-order Volterra kernel.
In the case of ROMS, spurious mixing is produced by its third-order upwind advection scheme, but our analysis suggests that all diffusive advection schemes would behave similarly in all sigma models.
In this case, we can approximate the exponential function in the original cost function by its first-order Taylor series expansion, that is,.
In [19], a probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter is used in the context of visual tracking, which approximates the full posterior distribution by its first-order moment.
On the other hand, the roughness of the slip deficit rate distribution is measured by its second-order derivatives, so that the matrix G consists of the second-order derivatives of B-spline functions.
Dow quickly sold out its first order -- reported by industry journals to be 30 units.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com